Roof Pitch Calculator - Degrees, Percentage and Material Compatibility

    Calculate roof pitch in degrees and percentage from ridge height and span. The tool checks which roofing materials fit your angle and computes rafter length and ridge height for any building width.

    Parameters

    Enter data for calculations

    From dimensions: enter ridge height and half-span. Conversion: convert between degrees and percentage.

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    Roof pitch, slope and rafter length - one calculation

    Three modes in one tool. Enter ridge height and half-span to get the pitch angle, or convert between degrees and percentage. The calculator also matches your pitch against 9 roofing material types and flags which ones are compatible. If you enter the full building width, it computes ridge height and rafter length for the actual structure.

    How to use the roof pitch calculator - step by step

    1. Choose calculation mode - pitch from dimensions, degrees-to-percentage, or percentage-to-degrees.
    2. Ridge height above wall - vertical distance from wall plate to ridge peak in meters. Measure inside the attic or read from the architectural drawing.
    3. Half-span - horizontal distance from the outside wall to the ridge. For a symmetric gable roof, this equals half the building width.
    4. Roof type (optional) - gable, mono-pitch, hip or mansard. Adds a recommended pitch range for context.
    5. Full building width (optional) - enter the total width to compute the actual ridge height and rafter length at the calculated pitch.
    6. Read the results - pitch in degrees and percentage, material compatibility list, ridge height and rafter length.

    Roofing material compatibility by pitch angle

    Each roofing material has a minimum and maximum pitch. Install a material outside its range and water ingress, wind damage or warranty voidance can follow.

    Material Min (deg) Max (deg) Optimal range
    Torch-on felt (bitumen) 3 25 5-15 deg
    Metal tile (steel) 9 60 15-45 deg
    Standing seam metal 10 75 15-45 deg
    Asphalt shingles 10 85 15-45 deg
    Clay tiles (ceramic) 20 60 30-45 deg
    Concrete tiles 22 60 30-45 deg
    Beaver-tail tiles 25 65 35-50 deg
    Natural slate 30 90 35-55 deg
    Thatch / reed 30 60 40-55 deg

    Degrees vs percentage - conversion reference

    The percentage slope is the tangent of the angle multiplied by 100. A 45-degree pitch equals exactly 100% slope (1:1 rise-to-run). Common reference values:

    Degrees Percentage Rise per 12 in run Typical use
    5 8.7% 1/12 Flat roofs, carports
    15 26.8% 3.2/12 Low-slope metal roofing
    30 57.7% 6.9/12 Standard gable roofs
    45 100.0% 12/12 Steep gable, heavy snowfall areas
    60 173.2% 20.8/12 Mansard lower slopes, slate

    Practical examples

    Example 1: Ridge height 3.5 m, half-span 5.0 m
    Result: 35.0 deg pitch, 70.0% slope, rafter length 6.10 m
    Example 2: Ridge height 1.5 m, half-span 6.0 m (mono-pitch garage)
    Result: 14.0 deg pitch, 25.0% slope - metal sheeting or asphalt shingles only
    Example 3: Convert 35 deg to percentage
    Result: 70.0% slope
    Example 4: Convert 100% slope to degrees
    Result: 45.0 deg - steep but common in alpine regions
    Example 5: Building width 10 m, pitch 30 deg
    Result: ridge height 2.9 m, rafter length 5.8 m

    FAQ - Frequently asked questions

    What is the minimum pitch for clay tiles?
    Clay tiles require a minimum pitch of 20 degrees (36.4% slope). Below this angle, water can be driven under the tiles by wind, causing leaks. Most manufacturers recommend 30-45 degrees for optimal performance.
    How do I convert roof pitch from degrees to a ratio (e.g. 6/12)?
    Multiply the tangent of the angle by 12. For example, 30 degrees: tan(30) = 0.577, multiplied by 12 = 6.93/12. In US convention, this would be called roughly a 7/12 pitch.
    Does a steeper roof cost more?
    Yes. Steeper roofs have longer rafters (more timber), a larger surface area (more roofing material), and require more labor for safe installation. A 45-degree roof has about 41% more surface area than a flat roof of the same footprint.
    What pitch is best for solar panels?
    Solar panels perform best at a tilt equal to the site latitude. In the US, that is typically 25-40 degrees. In northern Europe, 30-45 degrees. A roof pitch of 30-35 degrees is a good compromise between solar output and standard construction.
    What is the difference between pitch and slope?
    Pitch is measured in degrees (the angle between the roof surface and the horizontal). Slope is the ratio of rise to run, expressed as a percentage or as inches of rise per 12 inches of run (US system). Both describe the same thing - how steep the roof is.
    Can I use this calculator for a hip roof?
    Yes. Select "Hip (four-sided)" in the roof type dropdown. The pitch calculation applies to the main trapezoidal slopes. The triangular end slopes may have a different pitch if the building is rectangular rather than square.

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